高炉用燃料的种类及其优缺点如何?

（1）木炭

木炭是最早使用的高炉燃料，是由木材在足够温度下干馏而成的固体燃料。木炭固定碳含量高，灰分低(一般在0.5%~2.5%之间)，几乎不含硫，气孔率高，密度小。但机械强度低，价格昂费。因此，作为高炉燃料已被淘汰。

(2)无烟煤

其化学成分基本能满足冶炼要求，低温强度好。但气孔率低，热稳定性差，受热易粉碎，含硫较高。除还有个别小高炉用作焦炭替代品外，现已基本不再使用。

(3)焦炭

由煤在高温下(900~1000C) 干馆而成的二次固体燃料。其化学成分完全能满足高炉冶炼的要求，机械强度远大于木炭，热稳定性及气孔率均高于无烟煤，是现代高炉理想的燃料，也是目前高炉的主要燃料。由于目前世界焦煤资源的短缺，高炉冶炼应尽量降低焦炭消耗，并使用合适的替代燃料。

(4)喷吹燃料
是从高炉风口喷人的燃料，以替代部分焦炭。喷吹燃料有固态的煤粉、液态的重油、气态的天然气。一般根据资源条件而定，我国以喷煤为主。

(5)型焦
是用非结焦煤压制成型的固体燃料，用作焦炭的替代品，有热压成型和冷压成型两种，在目前尚处于冶炼试验阶段。国外高妒冶炼实践表明，在炉况稳定顺行的条件下，型焦是可以替代焦炭作为高炉燃料的。但型焦强度比焦炭差，尤其是热强度问题还有待于进一步解决。

What are the types of fuels used in blast furnaces and their advantages and disadvantages?
(1) Charcoal
Charcoal is the earliest used blast furnace fuel, which is a solid fuel from wood distillation at a sufficient temperature. Charcoal has high fixed carbon content, low ash content (generally between 0.5% and 2.5%), almost no sulfur, high porosity and low density. But the mechanical strength is low and the price is high. As a result, it has been eliminated as a blast furnace fuel.
(2) anthracite
Its chemical composition can basically meet the requirements of smelting, and its low temperature strength is good. However, it has low porosity, poor thermal stability, easy to crush and high sulfur content when heated. In addition to a few small blast furnaces being used as coke substitutes, they are almost no longer used.
(3) coke
Secondary solid fuel made from coal at high temperature (900 ~ 1000C). Its chemical composition can fully meet the requirements of blast furnace smelting. Its mechanical strength is far greater than charcoal. Its thermal stability and porosity are higher than anthracite. It is the ideal fuel for modern blast furnace and the main fuel for blast furnace at present. Due to the shortage of coke resources in the world, blast furnace smelting should try to reduce coke consumption and use appropriate alternative fuels.
(4) Fuel injection
Fuel is injected from the tuyere of the blast furnace to replace part of the coke. Injection fuels include solid pulverized coal, liquid heavy oil and gaseous natural gas. Generally, according to the resource conditions, coal injection is the main method in China.
(5) type coke
It is a solid fuel formed by pressing non-coking coal and used as a substitute for coke. There are two kinds of solid fuel: hot pressing and cold pressing. At present, it is still in the stage of smelting test. The practice of high envy smelting abroad shows that coke can be used as blast furnace fuel instead of coke under stable and smooth furnace conditions. However, the strength of formed coke is worse than that of coke, especially the problem of thermal strength needs to be further solved.

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